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Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)

Antibioticprescriptionoral · inferred

Second-generation fluoroquinolone antibiotic targeting DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. Broad gram-negative coverage including Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Used for UTIs, prostatitis, bone/joint infections, anthrax, and travelers' diarrhea. Oral bioavailability ~70%. FDA black box warning for tendinopathy, peripheral neuropathy, and CNS effects. Chelated by divalent cations (Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn) — space 2+ hours from supplements.

Projected serum levels — 500 mg, twice daily

Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)
Ciprofloxacin (Cipro) modeled serum levels, 500 mg twice daily over 15 days Population-based pharmacokinetic estimate. Steady state reached after approximately 1 days. 0 125 250 375 500 Day 0 Day 4 Day 7 Day 11 Day 15 Time on a regular schedule ≈ steady state · day 1

Maintenance schedule: 500 mg twice daily (oral).

Modeled steady state after ~1 days: peak ≈ 266 mg, trough ≈ 42.9 mg body load. Population-based estimate over 15 days for a 500 mg dose at a 70 kg reference body mass — the interactive app scales curves to your doses, timing, and body mass.

Key facts

Category
Antibiotic
Route modeled
Oral
Model confidence
inferred
Half-life
4 h
Common dose
500 mg
Suggested maximum
1.5k mg/day
Reference dose range
250–1.5k mg (single dose)
Suggested cadence
twice daily
Validated against
500 mg oral — Cmax 2.4 mg/L at 1.5 h

Documented interactions

  • danger
    7-Hydroxymitragynine (7-OH) + Ciprofloxacin (Cipro) CYP inhibition

    Ciprofloxacin (Cipro) reversible_inhibitor of CYP3A4 predicted to change 7-Hydroxymitragynine (7-OH) AUC by ~2.20x

  • danger
    Alfuzosin (Uroxatral) + Ciprofloxacin (Cipro) CYP inhibition

    Ciprofloxacin (Cipro) reversible_inhibitor of CYP3A4 predicted to change Alfuzosin (Uroxatral) AUC by ~3.33x

  • danger
    Alprazolam (Xanax) + Ciprofloxacin (Cipro) CYP inhibition

    Ciprofloxacin (Cipro) reversible_inhibitor of CYP3A4 predicted to change Alprazolam (Xanax) AUC by ~3.33x

  • danger
    Amlodipine (Norvasc) + Ciprofloxacin (Cipro) CYP inhibition

    Ciprofloxacin (Cipro) reversible_inhibitor of CYP3A4 predicted to change Amlodipine (Norvasc) AUC by ~3.33x

  • danger
    Anastrozole (Arimidex) + Ciprofloxacin (Cipro) CYP inhibition

    Ciprofloxacin (Cipro) reversible_inhibitor of CYP3A4 predicted to change Anastrozole (Arimidex) AUC by ~2.68x

  • danger
    Apigenin + Ciprofloxacin (Cipro) CYP inhibition

    Apigenin reversible_inhibitor of CYP1A2 predicted to change Ciprofloxacin (Cipro) AUC by ~2.11x

Serum checks 352 modeled interaction pairings for ciprofloxacin (cipro) across your whole stack — absorption conflicts, enzyme inhibition, and nutrient depletion included.

Research behind this entry

  1. Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of ciprofloxacin Bergan T et al. · European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, 1988 DOI

    Comprehensive PK study establishing ciprofloxacin half-life of 3.5-5 hours, 70% oral bioavailability, renal/hepatic dual elimination, and tissue concentrations exceeding serum levels in most organs.

  2. Risk of Achilles tendon rupture in patients treated with fluoroquinolone antibiotics van der Linden PD et al. · Archives of Internal Medicine, 2003 DOI

    Large case-control study quantifying fluoroquinolone tendon rupture risk at 3.2-fold increased odds, higher in elderly and those on corticosteroids, leading to eventual FDA black box warning.

2 published studies referenced in the app, each with a plain-language summary.