Oxaloacetate

Metabolic Intermediate

Endogenous citric-acid-cycle intermediate sold in stabilized oral formulations. Small exploratory clinical studies have focused on safety and metabolic target engagement, not demonstrated cognitive benefit, and have not produced consistent circulating exposure measurements.

Pharmacokinetic model

A route-level PK model for oxaloacetate is being prepared from published data. Dosing references, studies, and documented interactions are below; the app catalog is updated as models are validated.

Key facts

Category: Metabolic Intermediate
Suggested cadence: once daily

Research behind this entry

Safety and target engagement profile of two oxaloacetate doses in Alzheimer's patients Vidoni ED, Choi IY, Lee P, Reed G, Zhang N, Pleen J, Mahnken JD, Clutton J, Becker A, Sherry E, Bothwell R, Anderson H, Harris RA, Brooks W, Wilkins HM, Mosconi L, Burns JM, Swerdlow RH · Alzheimer's and Dementia, 2021 DOI
Thirty participants received 500 or 1,000 mg twice daily for one month. Both doses were tolerated and the higher dose changed selected imaging and glutathione measures, but blood-level changes were inconsistent and…
Oxaloacetate activates brain mitochondrial biogenesis, enhances the insulin pathway, reduces inflammation and stimulates neurogenesis Wilkins HM, Harris JL, Carl SM, E L, Lu J, Selfridge JE, Roy N, Hutfles L, Koppel S, Morris J, Burns JM, Michaelis ML, Michaelis EK, Brooks WM, Swerdlow RH · Human Molecular Genetics, 2014 DOI
Cell and mouse experiments reported changes in mitochondrial, inflammatory, insulin-signaling, and neurogenesis markers. These preclinical findings do not establish clinical benefit or human oral pharmacokinetics.

2 published studies referenced in the app, each with a plain-language summary.