HMB
Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate, a leucine metabolite sold for muscle preservation and exercise support. Reviews suggest context-dependent effects, with greater uncertainty in trained healthy adults than in some older or catabolic populations.
Pharmacokinetic model
A route-level PK model for hmb is being prepared from published data. Dosing references, studies, and documented interactions are below; the app catalog is updated as models are validated.
Key facts
- Category
- Metabolite Supplement
- Suggested cadence
- once daily
Research behind this entry
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An umbrella review of systematic reviews of beta-hydroxy-beta-methyl butyrate supplementation in ageing and clinical practice
Umbrella review evaluated HMB evidence in ageing and clinical settings, finding variable certainty across outcomes and populations. Results should not be generalized automatically to athletic performance.
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Mechanism of Action and the Effect of Beta-Hydroxy-Beta-Methylbutyrate Supplementation on Different Types of Physical Performance - A Systematic Review
Systematic review found heterogeneous performance results across training status, intervention duration, and outcome selection. It does not support a uniform effect for every user.
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beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) kinetics and the influence of glucose ingestion in humans.
This citation reports a human primary study involving HMB. It does not by itself establish a qualified dose, safety profile, efficacy claim, or pharmacokinetic route for this record.
3 published studies referenced in the app, each with a plain-language summary.